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經濟金融術語漢英對照
經濟金融術語漢英對照表 H
H
合理預期 rational expectation
核心資本 core capital
合資企業 joint-venture enterprises
紅利 dividend
宏觀經濟運營良好 sound macroeconomic performance
宏觀經濟基本狀況 macroeconomic fundamentals
宏觀調控 macroeconomic management（or adjustment）
宏觀調控目標 macroeconomic objectives（or targets）
壞賬 bad debt
還本付息 debt service
換匯成本 unit export cost;local currency cost of export earnings
匯兌在途 funds in float
匯兌支出 advance payment of remittance by the beneficiary's bank
匯率并軌 unification of exchange rates
活期存款 demand deposits
匯率失調 exchange rate misalignment
混合所有制 diversified（mixed）ownership
貨幣政策態勢 monetary policy stance
貨款拖欠 overdue obligations to suppliers
經濟金融術語漢英對照表 D
D
打白條 issue IOU
大額存單 certificate of deposit（CD）
大額提現 withdraw deposits in large amounts
大面積滑坡 wide-spread decline
大一統的銀行體制 （all-in-one）mono-bank system
呆賬（請見“壞賬”） bad loans
呆賬準備金 loan loss reserves（provisions）
呆滯貸款 idle loans
貸款沉淀 non-performing loans
貸款分類 loan classification
貸款限額管理 credit control;to impose credit ceiling
貸款約束機制 credit disciplinary（constraint）mechanism
代理國庫 to act as fiscal agent
代理金融機構貸款 make loans on behalf of other institutions
戴帽貸款 ear-marked loans
倒逼機制 reversed transmission of the pressure for easing monetary condition
道德風險 moral hazard
地區差別 regional disparity
第一產業 the primary industry
第二產業 the secondary industry
第三產業 the service industry;the tertiary industry
遞延資產 deferrable assets
訂貨不足 insufficient orders
定期存款 time deposits
定向募集 raising funds from targeted sources
東道國（請見“母國”） host country
獨立核算 independent accounting
短期國債 treasury bills
對沖操作 sterilization operation;hedging
對非金融部門債權 claims on non-financial sector
多種所有制形式 diversified ownership
經濟金融術語漢英對照表 E-F
E
惡性通貨膨脹 hyperinflation
二級市場 secondary market
F
發行貨幣 to issue currency
發行總股本 total stock issue
法定準備金 required reserves;reserve requirement
法人股 institutional shares
法人股東 institutional shareholders
法治 rule of law
房地產投資 real estate investment
放松銀根 to ease monetary policy
非現場稽核 off-site surveillance（or monitoring）
非銀行金融機構 non-bank financial institutions
非贏利性機構 non-profit organizations
分稅制 assignment of central and local taxes;tax assignment system
分業經營 segregation of financial business（services）;division of business scope based on the type of financial institutions
風險暴露（風險敞口） risk exposure
風險管理 risk management
風險意識 risk awareness
風險資本比例 risk-weighted capital ratios
風險資本標準 risk-based capital standard
服務事業收入 public service charges;user's charges
扶貧 poverty alleviation
負增長 negative growth
復式預算制 double-entry budgeting;capital and current budgetary account
經濟金融術語漢英對照表 G
G
改革試點 reform experimentation
杠桿率 leverage ratio
杠桿收購 leveraged buyout
高息集資 to raise funds by offering high interest
個人股 non-institutional shares
根本扭轉 fundamental turnaround（or reversal）
公開市場操作 open market operations
公款私存 deposit public funds in personal accounts
公用事業 public utilities
公有經濟 the state-owned sector;the public sector
公有制 public ownership
工業成本利潤率 profit-to-cost ratio
工業增加值 industrial value added
供大于求 supply exceeding demand;excessive supply
鼓勵措施 incentives
股份合作企業 joint-equity cooperative enterprises
股份制企業 joint-equity enterprises
股份制銀行 joint-equity banks
固定資產貸款 fixed asset loans
關稅減免 tariff reduction and exemption
關稅減讓 tariff concessions
關稅優惠 tariff incentives;preferential tariff treatment
規范行為 to regularize（or standardize）…behavior
規模效益 economies of scale
國計民生 national interest and people's livelihood
國家對個人其他支出 other government outlays to individuals
國家風險 country risk
國際分工 international division of labor
國際收支 balance of payments
國有獨資商業銀行 wholly state-owned commercial banks
國有經濟（部門） the state-owned（or public）sector
國有企業 state-owned enterprises（SOEs）
國有制 state-ownership
國有資產流失 erosion of state assets
國債回購 government securities repurchase
國債一級自營商 primary underwriters of government securities
過度競爭 excessive competition
過度膨脹 excessive expansion
過熱跡象 signs of overheating
經濟金融術語漢英對照表 J
J
基本建設投資 investment in infrastructure
基本經濟要素 economic fundamentals
基本適度 broadly appropriate
基準利率 benchmark interest rate
機關團體存款 deposits of non-profit institutions
機會成本 opportunity cost
激勵機制 incentive mechanism
積壓嚴重 heavy stockpile;excessive inventory
擠提存款 run on banks
擠占挪用 unwarranted diversion of（financial）resources（from designated uses）
技改投資 investment in technological upgrading
技術密集型產品 technology-intensive product
計劃單列市 municipalities with independent planning status
計劃經濟 planned economy
集體經濟 the collective sector
加大結構調整力度 to intensify structural adjustment
加工貿易 processing trade
加快態勢 accelerating trend
加強稅收征管稽查 to enhance tax administration
加權價 weighted average price
價格放開 price liberalization
價格形成機制 pricing mechanism
減虧 to reduce losses
簡化手續 to cut red tape;to simplify（streamline）procedures
交投活躍 brisk trading
繳存準備金 to deposit required reserves
結構扭曲 structural distortion
結構失調 structural imbalance
結構性矛盾突出 acute structural imbalance
結構優化 structural improvement（optimization）
結匯、售匯 sale and purchase of foreign exchange
金融脆弱 financial fragility
金融動蕩 financial turbulence
金融風波 financial disturbance
金融恐慌 financial panic
金融危機 financial crisis
金融壓抑 financial repression
金融衍生物 financial derivatives
金融詐騙 financial fraud
緊縮銀根 to tighten monetary policy
緊縮政策 austerity policies;tight financial policies
經常賬戶可兌換 current account convertibility
經濟特區 special economic zones（SEZs）
經濟體制改革 economic reform
經濟增長方式的轉變 change in the main source of economic growth（from investment expansion to efficiency gains）
經濟增長減速 economic slowdown;moderation in economic growth
經濟制裁 economic sanction
經營自主權 autonomy in management
景氣回升 recovery in business activity
境外投資 overseas investment
競爭加劇 intensifying competition
局部性金融風波 localized（isolated）financial disturbance
經濟金融術語漢英對照表 M-P
M
買方市場 buyer's market
賣方市場 seller's market
賣出回購證券 matched sale of repo
貿易差額 trade balance
民間信用 non-institutionalized credit
免二減三 exemption of income tax for the first two years ofmaking profit and 50% tax reduction for thefollowing three years
明補 explicit subsidy
明虧 explicit loss
名牌產品 brand products
母國（請見“東道國”） home country
N
內部控制 internal control
內部審計 internal audit
內地與香港 the mainland and Hong Kong
內債 domestic debt
扭虧為盈 to turn a loss-making enterprise into a profitable one
扭曲金融分配 distorted allocation of financial resources
農副產品采購支出 outlays for agricultural procurement
農村信用社 rural credit cooperatives（RCCs）
P
泡沫效應 bubble effect
泡沫經濟 bubble economy
培育新的經濟增長點 to tap new sources of economic growth
片面追求發展速度 excessive pursuit of growth
平衡發展 balanced development
瓶頸制約 bottleneck（constraints）
平穩回升 steady recovery
鋪底流動資金 initial（start-up）working capital
普遍回升 broad-based recovery
配套改革 concomitant（supporting）reforms
配套人民幣資金 local currency funding of…
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